Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
by Anna Sawa
A teacher, who would like to organize a great lesson involving all students, has to take into consideration that everyone learns in different way. Howard Gardner lists eight types of intelligence which have direct influence on people's learning style. According to Gardner all individuals possess all eight intelligences in varying amounts. That is why, the teacher should diversify methods and techniques to support development of students' multiple intelligences.
According to Gardner ‘Intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings’.
Verbal - Linguistic Intelligence
Students like:
- reading books,
- listening to stories,
- making notes,
- poems and rhymes,
- crosswords, wordsquars and word games.
Logical - Mathematical Intelligence
Students like:
- counting tasks,
- analysing texts,
- riddles to solve.
Bodily - Kinaesthetic Intelligence
Students like:
- playing games,
- moving and manipulating objects,
- dances and activities with music,
- craft activities,
- class or school plays.
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Students like:
- pictures, posters, wall boards, photos in the classroom,
- watching films,
- making notes,
- drawing mind maps,
- highlighting or underlining important information.
Musical Intelligence
Students like:
- songs, rhymes and chants,
- playing and listening to music,
- writing songs with new vocabulary.
Interpersonal Intelligence
Students like:
- pair and group working,
- group or class discussions,
- practising and presenting dialogues,
- communicating with their peers from other countries.
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Students like:
- writing diaries,
- individual projects,
- personality tests.
Naturalistic Intelligence
Students like:
- recognizing objects in nature (plants, animals),
- playing and learning outdoors,
- eco-projects.
All students possess all eight intelligences in varying amounts. It is helpful for teaching-learning process to get to know students leading intelligences and their learning styles.